indus valley civilization | importance of indus valley civilization | harappan civilization | indus valley civilization important points | harappa sabhyata kya hai | harappa sabhyata in hindi | हड़प्पा सभ्यता

 Indus Valley Civilization (सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता)

★ Bronze Age Civilization (कांस्य युग की सभ्यता)

★ Around 1100 sites, 925 Sites are in India and 475 Sites are in Pakistan

★ 40 Sites were excavated (खुदाई) before partition

★ 80% sites are located on the plains between river Ganges and Indus

★ Bhirrana (Fatehabad, Haryana) is the Oldest site. भिर्राना (फतेहाबाद) सबसे पुराना स्थल है।

★ Rakhigarhi (Hisar, Haryana) is the biggest site. राखीगढ़ी (हिसार, हरियाणा) सबसे बड़ा स्थल है।

★ John Marshall (जॉन मार्शल) was the first researcher to use the term 'Indus Valley Civilization'

★ First cotton textiles (सूती वस्त्र) were found at Mohenjodaro (मोहेंजोदड़ो) in 1929

★ Mohenjodaro is known as Mount of dead (मृतकों का टीला) & Oasis of Sindh (सिंध का ओएसिस)

★ Chanhudaro, Sindh (चन्हूदड़ों, सिंध) is the only Indus city without a fortress (किला) and is known as the Lancashire of India (भारत का लंकाशायर)

1. Harappa (हड़प्पा), 1921

Excavated by : Dayaram Sahni (दयाराम साहनी)

River : Ravi (रावि)

Location : Punjab (पंजाब), Pakistan (पाकिस्तान)

Important findings : Copper made mirror (तांबे का दर्पण), Bullock Carts (बैलगाड़ी)

2. Mohenjo-daro (मोहेंजोदड़ो), 1922

Excavated by : R.D.Banerjee (आर.डी.बैनर्जी)

River : Indus (सिंधु)

Location : Sindh, Pakistan (सिंध, पाकिस्तान)

Important findings : The Great Bath (महान स्नानघर), Largest Granary (सबसे बड़ा अन्न भंडार), Bronze figure of Dancing Girl (नर्तकी कांस्य मूर्ति), Priest-king statue (पुजारी-राजा मूर्तिकला), Pashupati Seal (पशुपति मुहर)

3. Chanhudaro (चन्हूदड़ों), 1934 (Lancashire of India)

Excavated by : N.G.Majumdar (एन.जी.मजूमदार)

River : Indus (सिंधु)

Location : Sindh, Pakistan (सिंध, पाकिस्तान)

Important findings : Bangles factory (चूड़ियों का कारखाना), Lipstick (लिपस्टिक), Site without citadel (स्थल जहा कोई किला नही)

4. Kalibangan (कालीबंगन), 1953

Excavated by : Luigi Tessitori (लुइगी तेस्सितोरी)

River : Ghaggar (घग्गर नदी)

Location : Hanumangarh District, Rajasthan (हनुमानगढ़, राजस्थान)

Important findings : Camel bones (ऊंट की हड्डियां), Plough marks (हल के निशान)

5. Lothal (लोथल), 1954

Excavated by : S.R.Rao (एस.आर.राव)

River : Bhogavo river (भोगावो नदी)

Location : Ahmedabad district, Gujarat (अहमदाबाद, गुजरात)

Important findings : Dockyard (जहाज़ बनाने का स्थान), Couple burial (युगल कंकाल), Bead making factory (मनका बनाने का कारखाना)

6. Rakhigarhi (राखीगढ़ी), 1963

Excavated by : Dr. Amrender Nath (डॉ.अमरेंदर नाथ), 1997

Location : Hisar district, Haryana (हिसार, हरियाणा)

River : Ghaggar-Hakra river (घग्गर-हकरा नदी)

Important findings : 4600 years old human skeleton (4600 साल पुराना मानव कंकाल), Fortification (किलेबंधी)

7. Dholavira (धोलावीरा), 1967

Excavated by : J.P.Joshi (जे.पी.जोशी)

River : Luni (लूनी)

Location : Kutch district, Gujarat (कच्छ, गुजरात)

Important findings : Chariot (रथ), Reservoirs (जलाशय)

Download PDF